Budget Accommodations in Japan
Never have I met anyone who has found prices in Japan to be cheap. On the contrary, everyone I know thinks that Japan is not really a haven for budget travellers. And I agree.
However, if you are fascinated with the country and the culture, there are still ways to tighten that belt a little. You cannot expect it to be cheaper than, say, Bangkok but you do have options when it comes to the level of spending you will be doing during your visit.
As what you may expect, staying in HOTELS can be expensive. The price depends, as with hotels in other countries, on the amenities offered, location and the number of stars.
For budget travellers, your best bet would be to stay in:
Youth Hostels. These are just about the same as its European or American counterparts. The only difference would be the breakfast.
Minshuku is the japanese version of a bed-and-breakfast. This is an even greater option (just about the same price as a Youth Hostel) as this would allow you to truly experience Japanese lifestyle.
Gaijin (Guest) Houses are best for those who plan on staying in Japan for a month or so. Of course, shared apartments (kitchen and bathroom are shared) are a lot cheaper than private ones.
CHEAPEST OPTION: Of course, nothing beats staying with a local friend. Should you have one, don't be shy in asking for a favor. The worst thing that can happen is that he/she will say no.